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[*] Smoking Is Child Abuse!
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[*] Child Rules of Safety

Smoking Is Child Abuse:

That's what researchers at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, in Worcester, think. They reviewed 30 years' worth of studies and found that passive smoke contributes to millions of illnesses in children each year.
"A judge should know whether an adult seeking custody of a youngster smokes, so the child isn't put in an unhealthy environment," says study author Joseph R. DiFranza, M.D., associate professor of family and community medicine.
While any child may suffer ill effects from cigarette smoke, a youngster with asthma is particularly vulnerable because just a few minutes of exposure can trigger a serious attack.
"Refusing to stop smoking around a child with asthma is the equivalent of child abuse," maintains DiFranza. "Most parents underestimate the overall impact smoking has on a child's health. But once they understand the danger, they're usually willing to do what's best."
How many youngsters get sick or need medical treatment each year as a result of seconhand cigarette smoke? Massachusetts researchers found the following:
Asthma (doctor's visits): 529,000 cases per year from children age 0 to 13.
Bronchitis: 260,000 to 436,000 cases per year from children age 0 to 4.
Coughs: 1.3 million to 2 million cases per year from children age 0 to 14.
Ear Infections: 354,000 to 2.2 million cases per year from children age 0 to 17.
Ear-tube insertions: 5,200 to 165,000 cases per year from children age 0 to 17.
Pneumonia: 115,000 to 190,000 cases per year from children age 0 to 4.
Tonsillectomies: 14,000 to 21,000 cases per year from children age 0 to 14
Article taken from Parents Magazine September 1996 issue

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Protecting Your Child:

As a society, our efforts to prevent crimes against children have not kept pace with the increasing vulnerability of our youngest citizens. After hearing the tragic stories about abducted or exploited children, most Americans are surprised to learn that many crimes against children CAN BE PREVENTED. This brochure is about child protection. The messages in this guide, however, can be different from other safety and prevention instructions you have read.
The most important key to child safety is effective communication with your child. Remember, children who are not listened to or who do not have their needs met in the home are more vulnerable to abduction or exploitation. The first step you should take is to establish an atmosphere in the home in which your child feels truly comfortable in discussing sensitive matters and in relating experiences in which someone may have approached the child in an inappropriate manner or in a way that made the child uncomfortable. The simple truth is that children are often too afraid or too confused to report their experiences and their fears. In some ways, you should treat your children as you would your adult friends --allow them to talk freely about their likes and dislikes, their friends, their true feelings.
Unfortunately, the rising awareness of crimes against children has left many families with a real sense of fear. You and your child need to be careful, but you do NOT need to be afraid. Talk to your child in a calm and reasonable manner, being careful not to discuss the frightening details of what might happen to a child who does not follow the safety guidelines.
THE EXPLOITER OR ABDUCTOR: NOT A "STRANGER"
"Stay away from strangers" is a popular warning to children to prevent abduction or exploitation. Unfortunately, however, many children are abducted or exploited by people who have some type of familiarity with the children but who may or may not be known to the parents.
The term STRANGER suggests a concept that children do not understand and is one that ignores what we do know about the people who commit crimes against children. It misleads children into believing that they should be aware only of individuals who have an unusual or slovenly appearance. Instead, it is more appropriate to teach our children to be on the lookout for certain kinds of SITUATIONS or ACTIONS rather than certain kinds of individuals.
Children can be raised to be polite and friendly, but it is okay for them to be suspicious of any adult asking for assistance. Children help other children, but there is no need for them to be assisting adults. Children should not be asked to keep special secrets from their parents and, of course, children should not be asked to touch anyone in the bathing suit areas of their body or allow anyone to touch them in those areas.
Often exploiters or abductors initiate a seemingly innocent contact with the victim. They may try to get to know the children and befriend them. They use subtle approaches that both parents and children should be aware of. Children should learn to stay away from individuals in cars or vans; and they should know that it is okay to say NO --even to an adult.
Remember, a clear, calm, and reasonable message about SITUATIONS and ACTIONS to look out for is easier for a child to understand than a particular profile or image of a "stranger"
WHAT YOU CAN DO TO PREVENT CHILD ABDUCTION AND EXPLOITATION

Know where your children are at all times. Be familiar with their friends and daily activities.
Be sensitive to changes in your children's behavior; they are a signal that you should sit down and talk to your children about what caused the changes.
Be alert to a teenager or adult who is paying an unusual amount of attention to your children or giving them inappropriate or expensive gifts.
Teach your children to trust their own feelings, and assure them that they have the right to say NO to what they sense is wrong.
Listen carefully to your children's fears, and be supportive in all your discussions with them.
Teach your children that no one should approach them or touch them in a way that makes them feel uncomfortable. If someone does, they should tell the parents immediately.
Be careful about babysitters and any other individuals who have custody of your children.

BASIC RULES OF SAFETY FOR CHILDREN
As soon as your children can articulate a sentence, they can begin the process of learning how to protect themselves against abduction and exploitation. Children should be taught:

If you are in a public place, and you get separated from your parents, don't wander around looking for them. Go to a checkout counter, the security office, or the lost and found and quickly tell the person in charge that you have lost your mom and dad and need help in finding them.
You should not get into a car or go anywhere with any person unless your parents have told you that it is okay.
If someone follows you on foot or in a car, stay away from him or her. You don't need to go near the car to talk to the people inside.
Grownups and other older people who need help should not be asking children for help; they should be asking older people.
No one should be asking you for directions or to look for a "lost puppy" or telling you that your mother or father is in trouble and that he will take you to them.
If someone tries to take you somewhere, quickly get away from him (or her) and yell or scream. "This man is trying to take me away" or "This person is not my father (or mother)"
You should try to use the "buddy system" and never go places alone.
Always ask your parents' permission to leave the yard or play area or to go into someone's home.
Never hitchhike or try to get a ride home with anyone unless your parents have told you it is okay to ride with him or her.
No one should ask you to keep a special secret. If he or she does, tell your parents or teacher.
If someone wants to take your picture, tell him or her NO and tell your parents or teacher.
No one should touch you in the parts of the body covered by the bathing suit, nor should you touch anyone else in those areas. Your body is special and private.
You can be assertive, and you have the right to say NO to someone who tries to take you somewhere, touches you, or makes you feel uncomfortable in any way.

DETECTING SEXUAL EXPLOITATION
Sexual exploitation should not be confused with physical contacts that are true expressions of affection. A warm and healthy relationship can exist if adults respect the child and place reasonable limits on their physical interaction.
Child molesting is often a repeat crime. Many kids are victimized a number of times. The reality of sexual exploitation is that often the child is very confused, uncomfortable, and unwilling to talk about the experience to parents, teachers, or anyone else. But they will talk if you have already established an atmosphere of trust and support in your home, where your child will feel free to talk without fear of accusation, blame, or guilt.
Parents should be alert to the indicators of sexual abuse:

Changes in behavior, extreme mood swings, withdrawal, fearfulness, and excessive crying.
Bed-wetting, nightmares, fear of going to bed, or other sleep disturbances.
Acting out inappropriate sexual activity or showing an unusual interest in sexual matters.
A sudden acting out of feelings or aggressive or rebellious behavior.
Regression to infantile behavior.
A fear of certain places, people, or activities, especially being alone with certain people. Children should not be forced to give affection to an adult or teenager if they do not want to. A desire to avoid this may indicate a problem.
Pain, itching, bleeding, fluid, or rawness in the private areas.

CHILD PROTECTION IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF EVERYONE
Because children cannot look out for themselves, it is our responsibility to look out for them. Every home and school should establish a program that effectively teaches children about safety and protection measures. As a parent, you should take an active interest in your children and listen to them. Teach your children that they can be assertive in order to protect themselves against abduction and exploitation.
And, most important, make your home a place of trust and support that fulfills your child's needs so that he or she won't seek love and support from someone else.
If you would like additional materials published by the National Center, please write to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, Publications Department, 2101 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 550, Arlington, Virginia 22201-3052.
If you have information about the location of a missing child, please call this number: 1-800-THE-LOST (1-800-843-5678). The TDD line is 1-800-8267653. The National Center's business number is (703) 235-3900.
Prepared under Cooperative Agreement #89-MC-CX-K001 and reprinted under Cooperative Agreement #92-MC-CX-K001 from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Points of view or opinions in this brochure are those of NCMEC and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

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Child Rules of Safety:

Before I go anywhere, I always check first with my parents or the person in charge. I tell them where I am going, how I will get there, who will be going with me, and when I'll be back.
I check first for permission from my parents before getting into a car or leaving with anyone even someone I know. I check first before changing plans or accepting money, gifts, or drugs without my parents' knowledge.
It is safer for me to be with other people when going places or playing outside. I always use the "buddy system."
I say NO if someone tries to touch me in ways that make me feel frightened, uncomfortable, or confused. Then I go and tell a grown-up I trust what happened.
I know it is not my fault if someone touches me in a way that is not O.K. I don't have to keep secrets about those touches.
I trust my feelings and talk to grown-ups about problems that are too big for me to handle on my own. A lot of people care about me and will listen and believe me. I am not alone.
It is never too late to ask for help. I can keep asking until I get the help I need.
I am a special person, and I deserve to feel safe. My rules are:
CHECK FIRST.
USE THE "BUDDY SYSTEM."
SAY NO, THEN GO AND TELL.
LISTEN TO MY FEELINGS, AND TALK WITH GROWN-UPS I TRUST ABOUT MY PROBLEMS AND CONCERNS.

The National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC), established in 1984 as a private, nonprofit organization, serves as a clearinghouse of information on missing and exploited children; provides technical assistance to citizens and law enforcement agencies; offers training programs to law enforcement and social service professionals; distributes photographs and descriptions of missing children nationwide; coordinates child protection efforts with the private sector; networks with nonprofit service providers and state clearinghouses on missing persons; and provides information on effective state legislation to ensure the protection of children per 42 USC 5771 and 42 USC 5780.
A 24-hour, toll-free telephone line is open for those who have information on missing or exploited children: 1-800-THE-LOST (1-800-843-5678). This number is available throughout the United States, Canada, and Mexico. The TDD line is 1-800-826-7653. The NCMEC business number is (703) 235-3900.
In April 1990 NCMEC merged with the Adam Walsh Centers (AWC). For information on the services offered by our branches operating under the AWC name, please call them directly in California at (714) 997-1392, Florida at (407) 820-9000, New York at (716) 461-1000, and South Carolina at (803) 254-2326.
KIDS AND COMPANY: Together for Safety is a comprehensive personal safety curriculum for elementary school children. For more information on this program and a listing of free publications available on the missing and exploited child issue, please contact the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children's Publications Department, 2101 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 550, Arlington, Virginia 22201-3052.
The National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC) is the national clearinghouse and resource center funded under Cooperative Agreement 92-MC-CX-K001 from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.
Points of view or opinions in this work are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.
Copyrighted 1991 by NCMEC. All rights reserved.

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